Jurnal dan Artikel Achmad Farich selengkapnya bisa dilihat dengan cara KLIK DISINI
Bambang Nurwanto, Achmad Farich, Samino Samino
Abstrak
Tuberkulosis (TB) secara global merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di semua negara. Prevalensi TB di Kabupaten Tanggamus 2014 mencapai 908 kasus, meningkat dari 2013 (899 kasus), sementara cakupan penemuan kasus TB positif CDR 2011 berjumlah 399 kasus (46,3%), 2012 berjumlah 329 kasus (33,9%) dan 383 kasus (42,6%) pada tahun 2013, sedangkan target nasional 70%. Diduga hal tersebut dikarenakan kinerja petugas yang rendah. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk diketahuinya hubungan kepemimpinan, motivasi, pelatihan, dan insentif dengan kinerja petugas dalam penemuan kasus TB Paru di Kabupaten Tanggamus 2014.
Jenis penelitian kuantitatif dengan rancangan cross sectional. Populasi petugas TB paru di seluruh Puskesmas Kabupaten Tanggamus, 120 orang. Sampel total populasi. Alat pengumpul data kuesioner dan observasi. Analisis data univariat, bivariat, dan multivariat.
Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) tidak ada hubungan kepemimpinan dengan kinerja (p=0.061); 2) ada hubungan motivasi dengan kinerja (p=0.014); 3) ada hubungan pelatihan dengan kinerja (p=0.018); 4) ada hubungan insentif dengan kinerja (p=0.045); dan 5) variabel yang paling dominan yaitu motivasi (OR=3.078). kesimpulan ada hubungan motivasi, pealtihan, insentif dengan kinerja.
Kata kunci : Kepemimpinan, Motivasi, Pelatihan, Insentif, Kinerja
Aedes aegypti(Linnaeus) larvae from dengue outbreak areas in Selangor showing resistance to pyrethroids but susceptible to organophosphates
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.actatropica.2018.05.008
Abstract
The resistance status of Selangor
Aedes aegypti (Linnaeus) larvae against four major groups of insecticides (i.e., organochlorines, carbamates, organophosphates and pyrethroids) was investigated. Aedes aegypti were susceptible against temephos (organophosphate), although resistance (RR50 = 0.21–2.64) may be developing. The insecticides susceptibility status of
Ae. aegypti larvae were found heterogeneous among the different study sites. Results showed that
Ae. aegypti larvae from Klang, Sabak Bernam and Sepang were susceptible against all insecticides tested. However, other study sites exhibited low to high resistance against all pyrethroids (RR50 = 1.19–32.16). Overall, the application of synergists ethacrynic acid, S.S.S.- tributylphosphorotrithioate and piperonyl butoxide increased the toxicity of insecticides investigated. However, the application failed to increase the mortality to susceptible level (>97%) for certain populations, therefore there are chances of alteration of target site resistance involved. Biochemical assays revealed that α-esterase, (Gombak, Kuala Langat, Kuala Selangor and Sabak Bernam strains) β-esterase (Klang and Sabak Bernam strains), acetylcholinesterase (Kuala Selangor and Sabak Bernam strains), glutathione-S-transferase (Kuala Selangor and Sabak Bernam strains) and mono-oxygenases (Gombak, Hulu Langat, Hulu Selangor and Kuala Langat strains) were elevated. Spearman rank-order correlation indicated a significant correlation between resistance ratios of: DDT and deltamethrin (r = 0.683,
P = 0.042), cyfluthrin and deltamethrin (r = 0.867,
P =0.002), cyflyuthrin and lambdacyhalothrin (r = 0.800,
P =0.010), cyfluthrin and permethrin (r = 0.770,
P =0.015) deltamethrin and permethrin (
r = 0.803,
P =0.088), propoxur and malathion (r = 0.867,
P = 0.002), malathion and temephos (
r = 0.800,
P = 0.010), etofenprox and MFO enzyme (
r = 0.667,
P =0.050). The current study provides baseline information for vector controlprograms conducted by local authorities. The susceptibility status of Ae. aegypti should be monitored sporadically to ensure the effectiveness of current vector control strategy in Selangor.
